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地點狀語從句精選(九篇)

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地點狀語從句

第1篇:地點狀語從句范文

【關(guān)鍵詞】舉例 復(fù)合句 where 系統(tǒng)比較 首先我們對定語從句的組成要素進(jìn)行一個簡單的剖析,定語從句有四個要素組成:主句,從句,先行詞和關(guān)系詞。而關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞(which, that, who, whom等)和關(guān)系副詞(where,when, why等)。如句(1)中,The place is changing a lot 是主句,而which后面的句I visited last year是從句,which是關(guān)系代詞,the place 是先行詞。組成定語從句的這四個要素缺一不可,有時候如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語時可以省略,比如在句(1)中,which可以省略,因為which在這里做的visit的賓語。

(1)The place which I visited last year is changing a lot.

(2)The place where I lived before is changing a lot.

在where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,和關(guān)系代詞的比較和運用也是一個重點和難點,比如在句(2)中,關(guān)系詞用的是where,而不能用關(guān)系代詞which或that,這是因為在句(2)中,從句I lived before不缺賓語,因此只能用關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)。因此可以總結(jié)到,在定語從句中,如果先行詞是表示地點的名次,而從句中不缺主語或賓語時,要用where引導(dǎo),有事可以用“介詞+which”來引導(dǎo),比如句(2)中where可以用in which來代替。

二、Where在名詞從句中的運用及比較

名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞,根據(jù)它在句中語法功能,名詞從句主要分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。與定語從句不同,名詞從句的組成要素只有三個:主句,從句和連接詞。而連接詞可分為連接代詞(一般有what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever等)和連接副詞(when, whenever, where, wherever等)以及在句子不做成分的連接詞(that, if和whether)。如句(3)、句(4)和句(5):

(3)I don’t know what you want.

(4)I don’t know where I should go now.

(5)I don’t know whether he will come here or not.

從上面的三個句子我們可以得知,what等連接代詞在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時,主句和從句都缺成分(主語或賓語),如句(3)中主句缺賓語,從句也缺賓語,因此這類連接代詞一般在名詞從句中不僅起到連接主從句的作用,還在從句中做主語或賓語。而where等連接副詞在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時,一般情況從句不缺成分(主語和賓語),只在從句中做狀語成分,如句(4)中,從句就不缺主語和賓語。Whether, if 和that 這三個詞在名詞從句只起到連接主從句的作用,在主從句中不做任何成分。

下面的四個例子具體說明了where在名詞從句中的運用。在句(6)where引導(dǎo)是主語從句,在句(7)中where引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,在句(8)中where引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,在句(9)中,where引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。

(6)Where the books will sell depends on the market

(7)We should decide now where we will go for the holiday.

(8)I have no idea where we will go.

(9)This place is where I lived before.

三、Where在狀語從句中的運用及比較

Where一般引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,我們經(jīng)常說的一句諺語“where there is a will, there is a way”就是where引導(dǎo)的一個典型的時間狀語從句。下面的例子具體說明了where在時間從句中的運用:

(10)He lived where there was a poor village.

(11)Everywhere she went, she was warmly welcomed.

從上面的例子可以看出在引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句中,where一般表示一個確定的但非特指的地點,翻譯成“在…的地方”,如句(10)可譯成“他以前生活在一個比較窮的山村里。”;而anywhere 和everywhere 則表示強(qiáng)調(diào),翻譯成“任何地方”。如句(11)可譯成“她所到之處,都受到熱烈歡迎?!?/p>

四、Where引導(dǎo)定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別

首先,句子結(jié)構(gòu)上不同。Where引導(dǎo)定語從句時,where前面必然有表示地點的名詞,即先行詞,如句(2)中的where前面有先行詞the place;而where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句時,則它前面沒有表示地點的名詞,比如句(10)中where前面沒有表示地點的名詞,只有動詞lived。

其次,Where在主從句中的作用不同。當(dāng)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時,where是指代地點名詞,在定語從句中作地點狀語,修飾的是從句的謂語,如句(2)中where代指的是in the place,修飾的是lived。當(dāng)where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句時,where在從句中不充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語,Where所引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句修飾的是主句的謂語,充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵骶渲^語的地點狀語成分。

再者,where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句時不能改寫成“介詞+which”的表達(dá)形式。在定語從句中,如果where前面的先行詞是地點名詞,一般可以改寫成“介詞+which”的形式。如句(2)中,可以將其中的where替換成in which即: The place in which I lived before is changing a lot.相比之下,地點狀語從句中的where是不能替換為“介詞+which”的。另外,在where引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,我們還可以用其他形式來代替,比如以下幾個例子:

(12)The place in which I lived before is changing a lot.

(13)The place which I lived in before is changing a lot.

(14)The place that I lived in before is changing a lot.

(15)The place I lived in before is changing a lot.

一般情況下,在定語從句中,“介詞+which”的表達(dá)形式多樣,最常見的就是句(12)中的形式,但是如果把這種形式中的介詞放在從句謂語動詞的后面,可以有三種變體。第一種變體就是句(13)的用法,直接把介詞放在從句謂語動詞后面;第二種如句(14)可以把which 用that來代替;第三種就是句(15)的用法,可以把句(13)和(14)中的which和that省略,因為在這里which和that做的是介詞in的賓語(在定語從句中,如果關(guān)系代詞which和that在從句中做賓語,可以省略)。

參考文獻(xiàn):

第2篇:地點狀語從句范文

【關(guān)鍵詞】英漢狀語語序 認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)

【中圖分類號】G642 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A 【文章編號】1006-9682(2012)06-0070-03

一、狀語概述

1.狀語的定義

在英語中修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分叫做狀語。在漢語中用在動詞、形容詞前邊,用來修飾限制動詞、形容詞的句子成分叫做狀語。從定義中我們看出,英語對狀語的定義比漢語更為廣泛,其修飾副詞和全句的句子成分也是定語。

2.充當(dāng)狀語的成分

在英語中,狀語由副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的其他詞類、短語或從句來表示。漢語中狀語由副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的其他詞類、短語來表示。在英語中從句也可以充當(dāng)狀語,這是英漢不同之處。

3.狀語的分類

英語中,狀語分為時間狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語、程度狀語、度量狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語十種。漢語中,狀語可分為時間狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語、程度狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語六種。從種類上看,英語的狀語種類也比漢語多,因此,從以上對比看,以英語為母語的學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)漢語狀語應(yīng)該不是十分困難。但是狀語在句子中的順序在兩種語言之間存在較大差異,這種在語序上的差異給學(xué)習(xí)者習(xí)得漢語造成很大困難。

4.狀語語序

英語的狀語在句子中的位置大至有三個:句首、句中和句尾;而漢語的狀語位置一般在句首或句中。而且,兩種語言的不同的狀語在句子中的位置也不一致。本文通過對比英漢兩種語言狀語在句子中的位置,希望找到相通和差異之處,提高學(xué)習(xí)者習(xí)得漢語狀語語序的效率。

二、英漢狀語語序?qū)Ρ?/p>

1.單一狀語的位置

單一詞或短語作狀語時,狀語在句中的位置最復(fù)雜。漢語狀語的位置不太固定,但大多位于主謂之間,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語——狀語——謂語——賓語。也有少數(shù)狀語位于主語之前,作句首狀語的情況?!爱?dāng)……時候”、“由于……”這類狀語多置于句首。時間狀語,“為了……”、“對于……”以及“剛才”、“忽然”

等少數(shù)副詞可在句首,也可在句中。除此之外,其它狀語很少能置于主語之前。

英語狀語的位置更顯復(fù)雜,除句首、句中之外,還有在句尾。其中以句尾最為常見,形成了典型英語句式“主語——謂語——賓語——狀語”。

(1)時間狀語的分布位置

漢語的時間狀語一般都位于句首或句中。例如:

現(xiàn)在我們可以看到許多華人在美國成就卓然。(句首狀語)

你現(xiàn)在怎么還不睡?(句中狀語)

英語中時間狀語可以置于句首、句中和句尾。例如:

But now I feel it’s very easy to get inside.(句首狀語)

Career women now shop at couture.(句中狀語)

“I removed them all”,the doctor declared.“we’ll close now”.(句尾狀語)

(2)地點狀語的分布位置

漢語的地點狀語既可放在句中,又可放在句首;英語的地點狀語只能位于句首或句尾。例如:

在北京電報局營業(yè)大廳內(nèi),每天前來辦理入網(wǎng)手續(xù)和咨詢網(wǎng)上業(yè)務(wù)的人絡(luò)繹不絕。

一些資深喇嘛上周被迫參加在北京舉行的討論這個問題的會議。(句中狀語)

Autumn is the best season in Beijing.(句尾狀語)

(3)程度狀語的分布位置

漢語的程度狀語一般只處于句中;而英語的程度副詞做狀語可分布在句首、句中、句尾。例如:

人們盼望我們更好。(句中狀語)

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.(句中狀語)

“I dislike it very much”,he replied.(句尾狀語)

Nearly three weeks.(句首狀語)

(4)頻度狀語的分布位置

漢語的頻度狀語一般處于句中,但有時也可將某些頻度狀語提到句首。例如:

我只是經(jīng)常唱一句越南民歌:可憐我的家鄉(xiāng)?。?/p>

每天我走你門前過,都不敢進(jìn)來,不是云霖告訴我說你不會生我氣,那我今天還不敢來。

英語的頻度副詞狀語可以分為兩類:第一類包括often,always等所有表示頻度的副詞以及以這些副詞為主體的短語多在句中,為加強(qiáng)語氣也可以放在句首或句尾;第二類由now and then,once a week,every other day等短語構(gòu)成,多在句末,為加強(qiáng)語氣也可在句首。例如:

Do you always get up so late.(句中狀語)

Always remember,your focus.(句首狀語)

If you confer a benefit,never remember it;if you receive one,remember it always.(句末狀語)

And have you heard from him often?(句末狀語)

He comes here once a week.

The doctor comes to the hospital every other day.

2.多重狀語的分布位置

(1)兩個或兩個以上的時間狀語的分布位置

英語中如果有兩個或兩個以上的時間狀語,那么表示較短時間的狀語在前,表示較長時間的狀語在后,這一點與漢語正好相反。例如:

I saw that film on Sunday evening last week.

我上個星期天晚上看的那個電影。

Meet him at the airport,at Gate 2,at 11:00 tomorrow morning.

在機(jī)場見他,在2號門,明天早上11點。

(2)兩個或兩個以上的地點狀語的分布位置

如果英語句中有兩個地點狀語,一般是小地點在前,大地點在后,這一點正好與漢語相反。例如:

He lived at the west gate Shaoxing Zhejiang.

他住在浙江紹興西門。

(3)時間狀語和地點狀語的分布位置

通常,英語的地點狀語在前,時間狀語在后,這一點正好與漢語相反。例如:

We will meet at the restaurant 8 o’clock.

我們八點在飯店見面。

(4)方式狀語、地點狀語和時間狀語的分布位置

一般說來,英語的詞序是:方式狀語——地點狀語——時間狀語。

漢語主語后的描寫性并列式多項狀語用于平等地修飾中心語,除了受語義邏輯關(guān)系、結(jié)構(gòu)平衡和表達(dá)習(xí)慣制約以外,一般沒有主次之分,順序比較靈活。

漢語遞加式的多項狀語比較復(fù)雜,彼此間雖無主次之分,但是必須按照一定層次關(guān)系對中心語進(jìn)行修飾。其語序通常為:時間狀語——方式狀語——地點狀語,或是:時間狀語——地點狀語——方式狀語。例如:

She cuts the bottles carefully on the doorstep every day.

我們每天都小心地用刀在樹根上砍了幾下。

我經(jīng)常在家里大聲地讀書。

(5)英語地點狀語、頻度狀語和時間狀語的分布位置

一般說來,其詞序是:地點狀語——頻度狀語——時間狀語。而漢語是時間狀語——頻度狀語——地點狀語。(漢語語法一般將頻度狀語劃入時間狀語。[注1])例如:

He gave a lecture at the college every three days last term.

他上個學(xué)期每三天就會在大學(xué)里舉行一次演講。

3.狀語從句的語序

英語狀語從句與漢語句子的對應(yīng)關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜,有些狀語從句與漢語的復(fù)句相對應(yīng),而有些狀語從句則與漢語的單句相對應(yīng)。

(1)時間狀語從句

英語的時間狀語從句位于主句的前面或后面,在漢語中相應(yīng)的時間狀語是用陳述性短語表示的,它們通常位于句首或主謂之間。例如:

I’ll phone you when I get home from work.

我回家后就給你打電話。

Before I go, I’d like to visit the museum.

在我走之前,我想去看看博物館。

(2)地點狀語從句

英語的地點狀語從句,一般位于主句的前面,有時也位于主句的后面。在漢語中,與此相對應(yīng)的地點狀語是陳述性短語表示的,它們通常位于句首或主謂之間。例如:

The castle stood where the two roads meet.

那座城堡曾位于這兩條公路交匯的地方。

(3)原因狀語從句

漢語的因果復(fù)句與英語原因狀語句相對應(yīng),表示原因的偏句相當(dāng)于英語的從句,往往在前;而表示結(jié)果的正句相當(dāng)于英語的主句,則常常在后。例如:

We have to hurry up,because we are late.

因為我們遲了,我們得趕快。

漢語中,有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,也可將表示原因的偏句放在正句之后。

例如:氧氣和氮氣可以從其它物質(zhì)中制取,但通常是從空氣中制取的,因為空氣極為豐富。

英語的原因狀語從句位于主句之前或之后都可以。例如:

I do it because I like it.

Because I like it,I will do it.

由as,since,because,seeing that等連詞引起的原因狀語從句既可以位于主句之前,又可以位于主句之后。

例如:As it was a public holiday,all the shops were shut.

由now that,in so much等連詞引起的原因狀語從句,傾向于放在首位。

例如:In so much as you have confessed,I will not punish.

但也可以放在末位。

例如:This room looks lovely now that we’ve done it up.

(4)條件狀語從句

漢語的條件復(fù)句中,表示條件的偏句一般只位于正句之前。

例如:如果你同意,我們明天一清早就出發(fā)。

只要我們刻苦訓(xùn)練,我們就一定能夠拿到金牌。

英語的條件狀語既可以在主句之前,也可居于主句之后。例如:

As long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

Send me a message in case you have any problems.

綜上所述,狀語的種類較多,分布位置較靈活,其在句中的位置常依據(jù)它的結(jié)構(gòu),看它是否只有一個副詞,或是一個短語,或是從句;也看它所表示的意義是表示時間、地點、程度或是其它。此外,還看它是否需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或需要對比。這些因素都決定狀語在句中的位置。

三、英漢狀語語序異同認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)分析

認(rèn)知過程中的圖形背景理論在一定程度上可以解釋人對客觀世界的反映和對語言的運用。在一個場景中,圖形是相對其他部分來說的突出的下一級結(jié)構(gòu),作為關(guān)鍵部分被給予特別的突出,整個場景圍繞它組織,并為它提供背景。而其中不突出的剩余部分即是背景。大量例子證明,英語是把信息的理解是從核心到邊緣,從部分到整體的認(rèn)知模式,即“圖形背景模式”,先理解信息中最突出最重要的部分。因此,英語交際的原則是將最突出的信息放在最容易感知的信息之前。而漢語是把句子作為整體的模式,即“背景圖形模式”,漢語中的修飾成分放在句子的前面,作為語境,核心信息在后。所以,漢語遵循的是從整體到部分,從邊緣到核心的認(rèn)知順序。

綜上所述,我們得知:正常語序情況下,英語單一狀語、多重狀語或狀語從句多位于句尾。這符合我們上述分析,即英語先交代句子中的主要信息、核心信息——“圖形”在句子前部,然后再交代句子的次要信息(時間、地點、方式等狀語)——“背景”在句子尾部。漢語單一狀語、多重狀語多位于句首或主謂之間。漢語要給出句子的次要信息——“背景”信息,然后才是整個句子的核心內(nèi)容——“圖形”。

注 釋

1 黃伯榮、廖序東.現(xiàn)代漢語(增訂四版)(下)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006

2 本文中的英文例句出自:廈門大學(xué)盧偉老師的英漢雙語平行語料庫和中文語料庫:省略/ec-corpus/ index.htm

參考文獻(xiàn)

1 Raymond Murphy .English Grammar in Use[M].Cambridge University Press,2001

2 潘文國.漢英語對比綱要[M].北京:北京語言文化大學(xué)出版社,1997

3 傅新安、袁海君.漢英語法比較指南[M].上海:上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1993

4 胡裕樹.現(xiàn)代漢語[M].上海:上海教育出版社,1981

5 黃伯榮、廖序東.現(xiàn)代漢語(增訂四版)[M].北京:高等教學(xué)出版社,2007

6 黃愛蓮.英漢狀語詞序比較[J].株洲工學(xué)院學(xué)報,2001

7 何善芬.英漢語言對比研究[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2002

8 金積令.漢英詞序?qū)Ρ妊芯俊浞ńY(jié)構(gòu)中的前端重量原則和末端重量原則[J].外國語(上海外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報),1998(1)

9 姜文英.以漢語詞序教學(xué)為例看語言研究與語言教學(xué)的接口問題[A].“國際漢語教學(xué)理念與模式創(chuàng)新”國際學(xué)術(shù)研討會(第七屆對外漢語教學(xué)國際研討會)論文摘要集[C],2010

10 金立鑫.英漢時地狀語語序的一致性[J].語言教學(xué)與研究,1990(2)

11 劉菲露.漢英狀語的三維對比研究[D].南昌大學(xué),2008

12 王東風(fēng)、章干炎.英漢語序的比較與翻譯[J].外語教學(xué)與研究,1993(4)

13 熊文華.漢英定語、狀語、賓語的位置[J].世界漢語教學(xué),1996(4)

14 楊自儉.英漢對比研究管窺——英漢語言文化對比研究[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,1992

15 張立玉.英漢語序?qū)Ρ确治觯跩].中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報,2002

第3篇:地點狀語從句范文

先行詞表示時間或地點時,如果在從句中作狀語應(yīng)由when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句。但是如果表示時間或地點的先行詞在從句中不作狀語而作主語或賓語就只能由which或that而不能由when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句。從這個角度命題增加了考生識別先行詞的性質(zhì)及在從句中的語法功能的能力。

【例1】That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which

C. what D. when

解析:這里that evening是先行詞,其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語,所以用which。句意:以后我將和你談起的那個晚上,我工作到了很晚。答案為B。

二、設(shè)計整個主句作先行詞

先行詞多為單個的名詞、代詞或名詞短語,但有時也引用整個主句作先行詞,此時用which或as引導(dǎo)定語從句。As引導(dǎo)定語從句時表示“正如”之意。設(shè)計整個主句作先行詞時先行詞的識別難度增大。

【例2】It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all.

A. that B. where

C. which D. what

解析:所填詞前有逗號,是非限制性定語從句,先行詞是整個主句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。其余選項與題干不符,故答案為C。

三、設(shè)計將先行詞置身于其他性質(zhì)的名詞中

如果從句前只有充當(dāng)先行詞的單一名詞,其性質(zhì)和功能之別的難度不大,但如果在充當(dāng)先行詞的名詞前后加一些性質(zhì)不同的名詞,先行詞及其功能的識別難度也將增大。

【例3】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A. which B. where C. what D. who

解析:分析句子成分可知, an atmosphere與修飾它的定語從句被for her students隔開,該從句缺少主語,所以用which。

四、設(shè)計看起來不像時間或地點卻在從句中作時間狀語或地點狀語的先行詞

高考英語單項填空題中常設(shè)計的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語或地點狀語,而先行詞看起來卻不像時間或地點之類的詞,這樣就增加了考生識別先行詞的難度。

【例4】Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales.

A. which B. that

C. when D. where

解析:position為先行詞,后面是其定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語。因此,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句,表示在這個職位上。

五、設(shè)計用主句謂語動詞把定語從句與先行詞隔開

定語從句多放在先行詞的后面,如果設(shè)計將主句謂語動詞提前,這樣先行詞辨別的難度就會加大。

【例5】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which B. who

C. where D. what

解析:people是先行詞而不是area是先行詞,在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語指人,所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

六、設(shè)計定語從句和插入語混合使用中的先行詞

在定語從句中使用一個插入短語,使句子表達(dá)更加靈活。這樣的設(shè)計增加了考生識別先行詞和先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句法功能的難度。

【例6】 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.

A. which B. who

C. where D. whom

解析:Ellen是先行詞,在從句中作主語。由于受插入語for some reason的影響,增加了考生判斷先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句法功能的難度。who是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句且在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞Ellen。Which修行先行詞是物的定語從句;whom修飾先行詞為人,且在從句中作賓語;where修飾先行詞是地點名詞,且在從句中作地點狀語,均不符合語境,故排除。答案為B。

七、設(shè)計“介詞+whom/ which”引導(dǎo)定語從句中與介詞搭配的先行詞

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時,我們用介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom或which)引導(dǎo)定語從句。該類定語從句題的難點是怎樣選擇介詞,而介詞的確定是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣來確定的。所以解決該類題型的重點是識別定語從句的先行詞。

【例7】Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered.

A. what B. in what

C. which D. in which

解析:心靈的護(hù)理是一個逐漸的過程,在這個過程中,甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。分析句子成分后可知,介詞in與先行詞process搭配,定語從句“ even the small details of life should be considered”中缺少地點狀語,故用where或者in which引導(dǎo),即D項正確。

八、設(shè)計定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型混用的先行詞

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is (was) +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who) +句子的其余部分”結(jié)構(gòu)中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是一個句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或狀語的名詞或代詞,而定語從句中的先行詞也是名詞或代詞??忌诮鉀Q該類題時必須先確定名詞或代詞是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還是定語從中的先行詞,這樣增加了考生辨別定語從句中先行詞的難度。

【例8】——Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

——Of course, I have. It was in our village

it was made.

A. that B. where

C. when D. which

解析:問話人詢問對方是否看過《山楂樹之戀》這部電影,答話人回答說當(dāng)然看過,這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是地點狀語in our village。部分考生誤認(rèn)為該句是定語從句,誤把“village”當(dāng)做先行詞且在從句中從當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語,容易誤選B。答案實則為A。

【例9】——Where did you get to know her?

——It was on the farm we worked.

A. that B. there

C. which D. where

解析:句意:——你在哪兒認(rèn)識她的?——在我們工作的農(nóng)場。一些考生誤認(rèn)為on the farm是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,會誤選A項。實際上,本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式,省略了that及句子的其他成分,在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中的名詞farm后有一個定語從句,farm是先行詞。補充完整后該句應(yīng)為:It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her. 所以正確答案是D項。因此在對話題中,我們應(yīng)該多考慮一下強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句混合使用的情況。

九、設(shè)計定語從句與復(fù)合句混合使用中的先行詞

復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體,往往可以獨立存在;而從句僅是句子的一個成分,故不能獨立存在,必須有一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),通常用逗號與主句隔開,放在主句的前面或后面。高考試題中常設(shè)計把主從復(fù)合句作為先行詞,定語從句放在主從復(fù)合句的中間,把主從復(fù)合句的主句和從句隔開,從而增加了考生辨別主從句作先行詞的難度。

【例10】When deeply absorbed in work, he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which

C. where D. when

解析:在題干中,“______ he often was”為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為整個主從復(fù)合句“When deeply absorbed in work, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.”關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語。由此結(jié)合選項可知,B選項符合題意。A選項不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可排除;而C和D選項引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中作狀語,不合題意,也可排除。

十、設(shè)計把非限制性定語從句插入主句中的先行詞

非限制性定語從句通常用逗號與主句隔開放在句首、句中或句末。但如果設(shè)計主句為先行詞,并且把非限制性定語從句插入主句中,就增加了考生辨別先行詞的難度。

【例11】The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it

C. as D. what

解析:本句的先行詞是“The air quality in the city, has improved over the past two months.”把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了,把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導(dǎo)“正如所寫的那樣”。答案為C。

【小試身手】

1. By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A. which B. when

C. what D. that

2. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it

C. which D. this

3. Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.

A. them B. that

C. which D. what

4. In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them

C. of whom D. of them

5. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose

C. whom D. which

6. 100℃ is the temperature which water will boil.

A. for B. at

C. on D. of

7. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.

A. where B. that

C. when D. which

8. John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.

A. why B. when

C. which D. that

9. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A. this B. that

C. what D. which

10. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, make all the others upset.

A. who B. which

C. what D. that

第4篇:地點狀語從句范文

考點說明 關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語從句時,分別表示時間、地點和原因。但并不是在所有的時間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when,在地點名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞where,在表示原因的名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句,關(guān)鍵要看從句中缺少什么成分。

例1 I don’t know the reason ______ the housing prices go up so wildly.

A.why B.that C.where D.when

解析 選A。此句中的先行詞是the reason,定語從句是the housing prices go up so wildly,這個句子是完整的,缺少原因狀語for the reason,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞why來代替它。

例2 In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions ______ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.

A.which B.that C.when D.how

解析 選C。此句中的先行詞是few occasions,定語從句是members are confused or uncertain of their roles,缺少狀語on few occasions,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例3 China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ______ producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

解析 選A。此句中的先行詞是a food recall system,定語從句是producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards,缺少狀語in the system,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例4 Can you guess the year ______ my mother and my father got married?

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

解析 選C。此句中的先行詞是the year,定語從句是my mother and my father got married,缺少時間狀語in the year,所以選擇關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,可以改寫為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

考點說明 由于關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中相當(dāng)于“介詞+名詞”,如: when相當(dāng)于on / in / during the day,where相當(dāng)于in / at the place,why相當(dāng)于for the reason。

注意:在“介詞+ which ”結(jié)構(gòu)中,介詞的選擇取決于 which 所指的名詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系,或者取決于定語從句中動詞詞組與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。

例5 The National Education Department says school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent serious accidents ______ students got injured or even killed.

A. that B. in which C. by which D.when

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是accidents,定語從句是students got injured or even killed,缺少狀語in the accidents,所以選擇in which來取代關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例6 China has hundreds of islands, ______ the largest is Taiwan.

A. in which B. to which

C. from which D. of which

解析 選D。此句中的先行詞是islands,定語從句是the largest is Taiwan,缺少狀語of the islands,意為“在這些島當(dāng)中,最大的島是臺灣”,所以選擇of which來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例7 A good ad often uses words ______ people attach positive meanings.

A. in which B. to which C. which D. that

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是words, 完整的定語從句是people attach positive meanings to the words,缺少狀語to the words。從句意為“人們賦予這些單詞積極的意義”,所以選擇to which來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例8 I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction ______ she had come.

A. of which B. by which

C. in which D. from which

解析 選D。此句中的先行詞是direction,定語從句是she had come,缺少狀語from the direction,所以選擇from which來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例9 Mark was a student at this university from 2006 to 2010, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.

A. during which time B. for which time

C. during whose time D. by that time

解析 選A。此句中的先行詞是from 2006 to 2010,定語從句是he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union,缺少狀語during the time,所以選擇during which time來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

三、考查對先行詞表示地點性質(zhì)的判斷

考點說明 當(dāng)situation,case,point,activity等作先行詞時,其后常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。這些先行詞看起來并不表示地點,容易被誤看成事物,而使用that或which來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

例10 I’ve come to the point ______ I can’t stand her arguing any longer.

A. what B. where C. which D. that

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是the point,定語從句是I can’t stand her arguing any longer。句意為:我已經(jīng)到了再也無法忍受她辯解的地步了。point相當(dāng)于一個點,所以選擇where來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例11 Mary,would you like to help me to think out a situation ______ these phrases can be used at the same time?

A. which B. that C. as D. where

解析 選D。此句中的先行詞是a situation,定語從句是these phrases can be used at the same time,缺少狀語in a situation,所以選擇where來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例12 Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them?

A.why B.where C.as D.which

解析 選B。此句中的先行詞是some cases,定語從句是drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them,缺少狀語in some cases,所以選擇where來引導(dǎo)此定語從句。

例13 While public speaking focuses on an individual,debate is an activity ______ two or more speakers present their opinions in support and against a given issue.

第5篇:地點狀語從句范文

用來修飾主句中的動詞,副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句,地點狀語從句,條件狀語從句, 原因狀語從句,結(jié)果狀語從句,比較狀語從句,目的狀語從句,讓步狀語從句。

1. 時間狀語從句

(1)時間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如:

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang.

As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

(2) 在時間狀語從句里,通常不用將來時態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3) 在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到……時”,謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如:

The young man read till the light went out.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob comes.

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

2. 條件狀語從句

(1) 條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例如:

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

(2) 在條件狀語從句里,謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:

I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.

He won’t be late unless he is ill.

(3) “祈使句+ and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如:

Hurry up,or you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3. 原因狀語從句

(1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。例如:

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.

Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

(2) because表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?;卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題,只能用because。As和since語氣較弱,一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如:

―Why aren’t going there?

―Because I don’t want to.

As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3) because和so不能同用在一個句子里。

4. 結(jié)果狀語從句

(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由so狀語從句是中考詞匯和句法部分考查的重點內(nèi)容之一。在復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句時,主要任務(wù)是弄清楚引導(dǎo)各種狀語從句的連詞的用法?,F(xiàn)就主要考查點簡述如下:that, such...that, so that引導(dǎo)。例如:

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2) so...that語such...that可以互換。例如:

在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞/副詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “...so +形容詞/副詞+ that + 從句”。例如:

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如:

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如:

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3)如果名詞前由many/much(多), little/few(少),等詞修飾時,只能用so, 不用such。例如:

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

注意:little譯為“小”時用such,譯為“少”時用so

5. 比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句通常由as...as, 比較級+ than...等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

Tom runs faster than John does.

This classroom is as big as that one.

6. 目的狀語從句

(1)目的狀語從句通常由so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。例如:

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(2) so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個:1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看,目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如:

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

7. 讓步狀語從句

(1) 讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

Though he is young, he knows a lot.

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2) although(though)不能用在同一個句子中。例如:

我們不能說:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

應(yīng)該說:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

8. 地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如:

Go where you like.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

實例解析

1. You will stay healthy you do more exercise, such as running and walking.

A. if B. how

C. before D. where

答案:A。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看,從句應(yīng)是一個條件狀語從句,在這四個選項中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,所以選A。

2. ―Shall we go on working?

―Yes, I prefer to have a rest.

A. when B. if

C. because D. though

答案:D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看,只有選though才能說得通。

3. None of us knew what had happened

they told us about it.

A. when B. until

C. after D. though

答案:B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞選擇。本句的意思是“在……以前我們沒人知道這件事?!币磉_(dá)著一意思應(yīng)用“not...until” 這一句型。

4. ―I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!

―Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a callI get there.

A. until B. as soon as

C. since D. till

答案:B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。本題的意思是“一到那里,我就給你打電話?!币磉_(dá)這個意思應(yīng)選用as soon as。

2010年中考真題練習(xí)

1. Peter likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast. (2010河北省卷)

A. until B. while

C. because D. though

2. Many students didn’t realize the importance of study they left school.(2010江蘇省鹽城市)

A. when B. until

C. as D. after

3. Scientists say it may be a few years

it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. (2010江蘇省無錫市)

A. because B. after

C. before D. since

4. ―May I go to the concert with you?(2010貴州省銅仁市)?

―I’m afraid not you have a ticket, because I have only one.

A. since B. if

C. unless D. though

5. it’s difficult to make her dream come true,she never gives up.(2010河南?。?/p>

A. Though B. Unless

C. Because D. If

6. Usually, we don’t know how important something is we lose it.(2010黑龍江省雞西市)

A. or B. until C. as soon as

7. Mr. Brown knew nothing about the good news

his wife told it to him.

A. before B. after

C. since D. if

8. A tourist will easily lose his way in Beijing

he has a map or a guide.(2010江蘇鎮(zhèn)江市)

A. if B. because

C. unless D. when

9. it snowed heavily yesterday, nobody in our class missed the lesson.(2010遼寧省沈陽市)

A. Though B. Because

C. Unless D. Since

10. In summer, food goes bad easily

it is put in the refrigerator.(2010山西?。?/p>

第6篇:地點狀語從句范文

三、 考查whose的用法

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中主要用作定語,表示它所修飾的名詞與先行詞之間為所屬關(guān)系。如:

There are some students whose questions I can?蒺t answer. 有些學(xué)生提出的問題我回答不了。

I?蒺d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一個窗戶面向大海的房間。

值得注意的是,whose既可指人,也可指物,不要誤以為它只用于指人。請看一道真題實例:

―There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?

―The one hat is yellow. (2012湖北隨州)

A. who B. whose C. that D. which

分析:B。由于空格處所填的關(guān)系代詞用作定語修飾hat,故選B?!癟he one whose hat is yellow.”的意思是“戴黃色帽子的那個(是我的妹妹)”。

四、 考查關(guān)系副詞的用法

用于引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有三個,即when, where, why,它們分別表示時間、地點和原因,且它們在定語從句中分別用作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。但是從近幾年的中考英語試題來看,這類考題涉及得比較少。如:

This is the primary school I studied three years ago. (2012四川宜賓)

A. where B. when C. that D. which

分析:A。由于受定語從句修飾的名詞the primary school(小學(xué))表示地點,所以定語從句用where來引導(dǎo)(同時where在定語從句中用作地點狀語)。句意為:這就是我三年前就讀的小學(xué)。

但是,值得注意的是,不要一看到先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因,就以為引導(dǎo)定語從句的一定是關(guān)系副詞,有時還得要分析關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是用作狀語(用關(guān)系副詞)還是主語或賓語(用關(guān)系代詞)。請看兩道真題實例:

1. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. (2012廣東)

A. who B. where C. what D. which

【答案】 D。雖然先行詞park(公園)表示“地點”,但此空格處不能填where,因為關(guān)系詞在定語從句中不是用作狀語,而是用作賓語(作動詞visited的賓語),故此題的答案是D,而不是B。

2. I still remember the time we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year. (2012 湖北黃石)

A. when B. what C. who D. which

【答案】 D。盡管先行詞time表示“時間”,但此空格處不能填when,因為關(guān)系詞在定語從句中不是用作狀語,而是用作賓語(作動詞spent的賓語),故此題的答案是D,而不是A。

五、 綜合考查關(guān)系代詞和其他知識

有時命題者會將引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞與其他知識綜合在一起進(jìn)行考查。這類試題難度很大,因此在中考試題中出現(xiàn)得不多。請看兩個實例:

1.―Do you enjoy My heart will go on?

―No, I prefer songs loud. (2012四川達(dá)州)

A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are

分析:C。由于先行詞songs指物,所以引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞可用that或which,但A、B、C均符合此要求,而不同的是,它們后面所接的謂語動詞不同。那么到底該用is還是are呢?同學(xué)們此時就要注意先行詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)了。對于此題而言,由于先行詞songs是復(fù)數(shù),所以其后定語從句的謂語也要用復(fù)數(shù),故選C。

2. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week. (2012湖北咸寧)

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

分析:A。初看一眼,同學(xué)們很可能認(rèn)為此題的答案是B,因為定語從句的先行詞好像是teacher?。〉清e了,因為teacher(老師)不能happened(發(fā)生),而只有story(故事)才能happened(發(fā)生),所以真正的先行詞是story而不是teacher,由于命題者用about the about將定語從句與先行詞分開,導(dǎo)致許多學(xué)生誤選了B。

【邊學(xué)邊練】

1. I can never forget the stories my grandma told me.

A. what B. who C. them D. that

2. Please pass me the cartoon book has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.

A. whom B. whose C. who D. which

3.―What kind of movies do you like?

―I like the movies are about Chinese history.

A. who B. whom C. whose D which

4. ― What are you looking for?

― I?蒺m looking for the pen my father gave me last week.

A. who B. which

C. whose D. whom

5. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時代).

A. who B. whom

C. which D. /

6. Mr. Smith is smoking is looking for she lost yesterday.

A. whom; which

B. who; what

C. that; who

D. which; where

7. It?蒺s interesting that there are many people speak French in Canada.

A. which B. where

C. who D. what

8. I hate people don?蒺t help others when they are in trouble.

A. they B. who

C. which D. what

9. The most important thing we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said.

A. which; that

B. that; which

C. which; which

D. that; that

10. The question is written on the blackboard is difficult.

A. who B. which

第7篇:地點狀語從句范文

關(guān)鍵詞:高考 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 考點

在高考英語試卷中,強(qiáng)調(diào)句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點。命題者加大了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和知識面的考查,同時注重考查知識之間的交叉和語法知識的力度,這就要求我們在平時的復(fù)習(xí)和備考中注意總結(jié),全面把握,深入研究。

一、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是:it be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不用when,where,what等,但是如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人可以用who/whom)+其余的部分。一個句子除了不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語和定語以外,其他成分都可強(qiáng)調(diào),被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。

以I met him on the street last night.為例。

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語

It was I that who met him on the street last night.

就是我昨天晚上在街上遇見了他。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語

It was him that I met on the street last night.

我昨晚在街上遇到的就是他。

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點狀語

It was on the street that I met him last night.

昨晚我就是在街上遇到了他。

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語

It was last night that I met him on the street.

就是昨天晚上我在街上遇到了他。

此外,還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)原因或方式狀語。例如:

It was because he was ill that he did not attend the meeting.

因為他病了,才沒來參加會議。

It was on foot that he arrived at the village the other day.

那天他就是步行到達(dá)了那個村莊。

二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的正確判斷

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分必須是對that/who之后句子的某一成分表示強(qiáng)調(diào),如果把“It is (was)…that”去掉,該句應(yīng)該意思完整,不缺任何句子成分。

1.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句型指現(xiàn)在或未來情況用it is,指過去情況用it was.

Was it her that you referred to?

你指的就是她嗎?

2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分往往是句子的主語、賓語、時間狀語和地點狀語,但有時也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容,如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句及not until …,not only…but also…,as well as …等結(jié)構(gòu)。

It was because he missed the early bus that he was late for conference.

就是因為錯過了早班車他開會才遲到了。

3.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人稱代詞時,原句用什么格,強(qiáng)調(diào)句也用什么格。

It was we who respected all our teachers.

最尊重我們老師的就是我們。

4.關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的選用,強(qiáng)調(diào)人時可用who或that;如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)人一律用that.此時絕不能和定語從句混淆,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時間狀語、地點狀語或者原因狀語時不能用when,where或why.

It was in this school that I studied English for three years.

就是在這所學(xué)校我學(xué)了三年英語。

It was this school where I studied English for three years.(定語從句)

這就是我學(xué)了三年英語的學(xué)校。

It was on October 1,1949 that the People@s Republic of China was founded.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)

就是在1949年的10月1日了。

It was October 1,1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded.(時間狀語從句)

當(dāng)?shù)臅r候是1949年10月1日。

三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的疑問句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為:Is /Was…who/that…?

Was is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?

究竟是因為什么銀不能作為導(dǎo)體呢?

四、含有“not…until…”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式

在對not…until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時,主句要用正序。比較下列三個句子:

1.She did not remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.

2.Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.

3.It was not until she had arrived home that she remember her appointment with the doctor.

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反義疑問句形式

句式特征為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…,isn't/wasn't it?

第8篇:地點狀語從句范文

一、 定語從句與同位語從句

定語從句和同位語從句都置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后,形式上非常相似,尤其是由that引導(dǎo)時,最難區(qū)分。實際上,兩者的根本區(qū)別在于句法功能不同,與先行詞的關(guān)系不同。

1. 句法功能不同

定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,用來修飾、描述或限制其前面的名詞、代詞(稱為先行詞)或整個句子;同位語從句則相當(dāng)于一個名詞,是先行詞所述內(nèi)容的展開,即說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。

定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中一定充當(dāng)句子成分;而同位語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that(被稱為連接代詞)在從句中只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。

定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語或狀語時,可以省略或被其他詞代替;而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞則一般不能省略,也不能被代替。

例1The news (that / which) we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我們從他的閑談中聽到的那個消息是真實的。

例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下學(xué)期將教我們英語這個消息是真實的。

點評: 例1的中that從句是定語從句,其作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,用來限定the news, that在從句中作賓語,可省略。例2中的that從句是同位語從句,其作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞,本身就是the news的內(nèi)容,that不能省略。

2. 與先行詞關(guān)系不同

定語從句所修飾、限定的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,當(dāng)that省略時,定語從句本身是一個不完整的句子。而同位語從句通常與一些本身有具體內(nèi)容可展開的名詞連用,對這些名詞進(jìn)行補充說明或解釋。常見的此類名詞有:answer, belief, doubt, decision, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, promise, question, reason, story, suggestion, thought, truth等。同位語從句本身是一個完整的句子,常用that連接而不是用which 引導(dǎo),that本身不充當(dāng)句子成分,表示疑問意義的名詞(如doubt, question等)后也可用whether, who, what等疑問詞引導(dǎo)。

例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告訴我的事實非常重要。

例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她還不知道考試成績這個事實是顯而易見的。

點評: 例3中that / which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,修飾fact,用以限定說明是哪個fact,that / which作told的賓語,可省略。例4中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,用以說明fact的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)句子成分,不可省略。

【甄別的方法】

同位語從句與其所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的系表關(guān)系(即系動詞與表語的關(guān)系),因此,可用“主+系+表”的結(jié)構(gòu)來區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句。

比如:將例2的從句與其修飾的名詞用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來表示,則為:The news is that Mr Li will teach us English next semester,句意通順,系表結(jié)構(gòu)成立,故可判定其為同位語從句。若將例1的從句與其修飾的名詞用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)表示,句意不通順,句子不成立,可判定其不是同位語從句。

二、 定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

當(dāng)定語從句以It is / was... that... 形式出現(xiàn)時,極易與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型混淆。區(qū)分兩者的關(guān)鍵在于正確判別it和that在句子中的作用。

1. 句法功能不同

在It is / was... that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中,如從句為定語從句,則句首的it是指示代詞,擔(dān)任主句的主語,that擔(dān)任從句的主語或賓語,作賓語時可以省略;如為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,則it和that都是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無意義,that不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略。

例5It is a question that needs careful consideration.這是一個需要慎重考慮的問題。

例6It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜歡閱讀的是小說。

點評: 例5中It為主句的主語,相當(dāng)于a question;that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,用來修飾先行詞a question,that同時充當(dāng)從句的主語,不能省略。例6中的It顯然不能等同于novels,that不擔(dān)任句子成分,但不能省略。

2. 涉及對象不同

定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或名詞短語,而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是名詞、副詞、介詞短語和從句。

例7This is the museum (that) we visited last year.這就是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^過的博物館。

例8It was in this museum that we saw the famous painting. 我們就是在這家博物館里見到這幅名畫的。

例9It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因為她病了,我們才決定返回。

點評: 例7中的從句為定語從句,修飾、限定名詞the museum。例8為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)in this museum這一介詞短語。例9為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)because she was ill這個原因狀語從句。

【甄別的方法】

在It is / was... that... 結(jié)構(gòu)中區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句的方法如下:一是定語從句中的that充當(dāng)句子成分,而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不充當(dāng)句子成分。二是去掉It is / was和that并作適當(dāng)調(diào)整后,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思仍然完整;而定語從句中的that充當(dāng)主語,如果省略that的話,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不再完整。

如例5,雖然去掉It is和that后句子仍然成立,但that充當(dāng)從句的主語,是不能省略的,故為定語從句。而例6中that不充當(dāng)句子成分,去掉It is和that并適當(dāng)調(diào)整后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整,句意成立。

應(yīng)當(dāng)特別指出的是,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有定語從句時,更容易出錯。我們可以通過分析that或who在從句中的作用,以及從句的句意來區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句。

例10It was in the lab that was set up by Mr Smith that they finished the experiment.他們是在Smith先生建立的實驗室里完成這個實驗的。

點評: 例10中的前一個that在從句中作主語,不能省略,可用which替換,因此可判定為定語從句,限定其前的名詞the lab。而后一個that不擔(dān)任句子成分,但不可省略,由此可見是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)實驗是在這個實驗室完成的。

三、 定語從句與狀語從句

狀語從句中,容易與定語從句相混淆的是where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句、when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。

1. 有無先行詞不同

當(dāng)where,when引導(dǎo)定語從句時,其前必定有一個地點名詞或時間名詞。但當(dāng)where,when引導(dǎo)地點狀語和時間狀語從句時,則會有兩種情況:一種情況是從句前沒有名詞,另一種是從句前有名詞,但從句并不修飾該名詞。

例11 Bamboo grows well at the places where there is plenty of rain.

例12Bamboo grows well where

there is plenty of rain.

點評: 這兩個句子均可譯為“竹子在雨水充沛的地方長得好”。例11中where前有表地點的名詞places,故為定語從句。例12中的where前則沒有表示地點的名詞,根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)為地點狀語從句。

例13I will always remember the days when I lived with my grandparents in the country.

例14I always remember the days in the country when I see the photo of my grandparents.

點評: 例13意為“我會永遠(yuǎn)記得跟我祖父母一起住在鄉(xiāng)下的那些日子”,其中when 引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句, 修飾the days, when在從句中作時間狀語。例14意為“當(dāng)我看到祖父母的照片時,總是會想起在鄉(xiāng)下的那些日子”,其中when 引導(dǎo)的從句并不修飾前面的名詞the country,因此可判定為時間狀語從句。

2. 引導(dǎo)詞不同

當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞前面有so / such修飾時,常用as替代that / which作引導(dǎo)詞, 在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分,一般不省略。當(dāng)狀語從句中含有so / such... that結(jié)構(gòu)時,that是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,不擔(dān)任句子成分。

例15This is such an interesting book as all of us want to read.這樣一本有趣的書,我們大家都想讀一讀。

例16This is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it.這本書是如此有趣,以至于我們大家都想讀一讀。

點評: 例15為定語從句,其中的關(guān)系代詞as指代先行詞book,在定語從句中作及物動詞read的賓語,但不能省略(這與that / which在定語從句中作賓語時可省略的情況不同)。例16中that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句,that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,因此從句中仍然保留了賓語it。

【甄別的方法】

當(dāng)where, when引導(dǎo)定語從句時,一般可被“介詞+ which”替換。如例11中where可用at which 代替,即從句可改為...at which there is plenty of rain;例13中的when可用in which替代,即從句可改為...in which I lived with my grandparents in the country.

當(dāng)where, when引導(dǎo)狀語從句時,由于沒有先行詞,因而不能用“介詞+which”來替換。如例12中的where不能用“介詞+ which”替代;例14中從句前有名詞,但根據(jù)句意可知并不是從句所修飾的對象,也不能用“介詞+ which”來替代。

例15和例16中as和that引導(dǎo)的從句均出現(xiàn)在名詞后,極易混淆。區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵在于as為關(guān)系代詞,在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分,而that為從屬連詞,在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分。如例15中as作read的賓語,因此read后不再有別的賓語出現(xiàn);例16中that不擔(dān)任句子成分,而從句謂語read是及物動詞,就必須要有賓語it。這是同學(xué)們最容易忽略的地方,答題時一定要注意這一點。

四、 訓(xùn)練題

1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _____ he went on to Cambridge.

A. from which B. after that

C. after which D. from this

2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

A. why B. that

C. where D. because

3. It was on a Sunday afternoon _____ I went to visit an old friend of mine.

A. when B. on which

C. which D. that

4. It was Sunday _____ I got back to school and met with Tom.

A. that B. when

C. on which D. where

5. Gone are the days _____ we spent together in the mountainous village.

A. that B. when

C. where D. on which

6. Mary was worried about the possibility _____ her daughter might hate to go to school.

A. which B. that

C. if D. as

7. If a shop has chairs _____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that B. which

C. when D. where

8. Where is it _____ he found the watch _____ he had lost the other day?

A. that; that B. which; that

C. when; which D. when; that

9. Such a book _____ you showed me yesterday is difficult to understand.

A. that B. which

C. what D. as

10. His plan was such a good one _____ we all agreed to accept it.

第9篇:地點狀語從句范文

定語從句一直是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點,也是高考??嫉恼Z法點。雖然涉及定語從句的條目林林總總,但從題目的設(shè)置來看,總帶有一定的普遍現(xiàn)象,即一些經(jīng)常遇到的且學(xué)生必須掌握的知識,在試題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。為便于同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)掌握,筆者扼要地對它的幾種考查點進(jìn)行了歸納和解析,以期對大家有所啟迪。

考點一:which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句是高考設(shè)題的熱點

1.which常用來指代前面的名詞或整個句子的內(nèi)容,一般情況下,用逗號把它與先行詞隔開。整個主句作為先行詞時,從句的謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。

【典例1】It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all. (2012年陜西卷)

A. thatB. where

C. whichD. what

解析:C。句意:這是第三次了,她贏得了這場比賽,這使我們大家感到驚訝。所填詞前有逗號,是非限制性定語從句,先行詞是整個主句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,故選C。

【典例2】That evening, I will tell you more about later, I picked up my friend at the airport.

A. thatB. which

C. whatD. when

解析:B。句意:那天晚上,關(guān)于它以后我會告訴你更多,我去飛機(jī)場接朋友去了。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面的That evening。

2.as可以替代which的用法,且as還有下列用法:as從句可放到主句前面,當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞是be announced/expected/known/reported/said/imagined/shown等被動形式或usually happened/be often the case等表示主句習(xí)慣性或司空見慣之意時。

【典例1】A lot of language learning,has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. (2012年安徽卷)

A. asB. it

C. whichD. this

解析:A。句意:已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),很多語言學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生在人生的第一年,所以父母應(yīng)該給那段時期的孩子多講話。在非限制性定語從句中,先行詞是A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life,關(guān)系代詞指整個一句話,引導(dǎo)詞用as,在從句中作主語。

【典例2】The water quality in the lake,is shown in the report, has improved over the past two years. (2012年福建卷)

A. thatB. it

C. asD. what

解析:C。句意:正如報告中顯示的,湖里水的質(zhì)量在過去的兩年里得到了改善。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,意為“正如在報告中所寫的那樣”,指代整個主句。

考點二: “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是高考設(shè)題的重點

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,即把從句中的某一介詞或介詞短語提到關(guān)系代詞前。

1.簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞

用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom, 指物時只能用which;介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定;或者以先行詞與從句中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定;或者以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定。但是,某些含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開,介詞仍然放在動詞之后。

【典例1】Care of the soul is a gradual processeven the small details of life should be considered. (2012年湖南卷)

A. whatB. in what

C. whichD. in which

解析:D。句意:心靈的護(hù)理是一個逐漸的過程,在這個過程中,甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。in which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which指代前面的process。

【典例2】I always wanted to get the job which Id been trained.

A. onB. for

C. byD. of

解析:B。句意:我過去總是想得到這份我為之訓(xùn)練的工作。train作動詞意為“訓(xùn)練”,后面的定語從句說明是什么樣的工作,介詞for表目的。

2.表示部分的詞語+of+關(guān)系代詞

此時,指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語常見的有:不定代詞all, both, none, neither, either, some, any;數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù));數(shù)詞+名詞;the +最高級/比較級,以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。 有時為了行文的需要,也可把表示部分的詞放在關(guān)系代詞的后面。

【典例1】In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses. (2012年四川卷)

A. in whomB. in them

C. of whomD. of them

解析:C。句意:我們班有46個人,一半人戴眼鏡。前后兩句話之間無連詞,故不能用人稱代詞them,而應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語從句;在46個學(xué)生當(dāng)中,表所屬應(yīng)用of。

【典例2】Helen has written two novels, both of have been made into films.

A. themB. that

C. whichD. what

解析:C。句意:Helen寫了兩部小說,且都被拍成了電影。句中的先行詞是two novels,而且后面是一個非限制性定語從句,因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。

考點三:where引導(dǎo)的定語從句是高考設(shè)題的難點

1. 先行詞是表示地點的名詞時,如果從句中不缺少主語、賓語或表語,引導(dǎo)詞常用where,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語。

【典例1】A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (2011年浙江卷)

A. whenB. that

C. whereD. there

解析:C。句意:銀行,是在天晴之時借傘給你,到了下起雨來就催你還回去的地方。連接副詞where在從句中代替place充當(dāng)狀語。

【典例2】These fish can be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for one or two weeks.

A. whenB. which

C. whereD. while

解析:C。句意:這些魚可以放入冰箱,在那里可以保存一兩周。先行詞refrigerator在從句中作地點狀語,故選擇關(guān)系副詞where。when在從句中作時間狀語;which在從句中作主語或賓語;while是連詞,不能用于定語從句。

2.近年高考試題中對于where的考查趨于復(fù)雜化,由“明顯的地點”轉(zhuǎn)為“模糊的地點”。當(dāng)先行詞是case, point, stage, situation, position, career, business, activity等某人/物的情況、某事發(fā)展的階段、某事的某個方面的名詞時,且定語從句中缺少狀語時,常用where引導(dǎo)。

【典例1】Sales director is a position communication ability is just as importance as sales(2012年重慶卷)

A. whichB. that

C. whenD. where

解析:D。position為先行詞,后面是其定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語,因此,應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞where,來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

【典例2】Many people believe that the earth is unlike to be the only planetlife has developed gradually.

A. thatB. where

C. whichD. whose

解析:B。句意:許多人認(rèn)為地球不可能是唯一的生命逐漸發(fā)展的星球。where相當(dāng)于in which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾planet,且在從句中作狀語。

考點四:whose與“the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”是新增的考點

1.whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語,既可修飾人也可修飾物。

【典例1】I wish to thank Professor Smith, withouthelp I would never have got this far. (2012年天津卷)

A. whoB. whose

C. whomD. which

解析:B。句意:我要感謝Smith教授,沒有他的幫助我不會走到今天這一步。who不可放在介詞后,help在從句中作主語,其前缺少定語,故用whose修飾help。

【典例2】The prize will go to the young manstory shows the most imagination.

A. thatB. which

C. whoseD. what

解析:C。story shows the most imagination修飾先行詞the young man;先行詞the young man和story有所屬關(guān)系,所以用whose。

2.“the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語中常用“whose +名詞”代替,非正式文體中可以用“of which the +名詞”。

【典例1】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years. (2011年江西卷)

A. for whichB. with which

C. of whichD. to which

解析:C。句意:她帶領(lǐng)客人參觀博物館,博物館的建造工程花費了超過三年的時間。先行詞為museum,在從句中充當(dāng)定語,介詞用of。

【典例2】The dinning room, the walls of are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. thatB. it

C. whatD. which

解析:D。先行詞為The dinning room,代入定語從句為the walls of the dinning room are painted light green,因為關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且指物,故用which。

考點五:關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的辨析是高考設(shè)題的焦點

關(guān)系代詞一般作從句的主語、賓語或表語,而關(guān)系副詞一般作從句的狀語(分別是地點、時間、原因)。

【典例1】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family. (2011年上海卷)

A. whichB. where

C. whenD. as

解析:A。句意:你會發(fā)現(xiàn)等在車站的出租車,你可以雇傭到你的房東家。hire后缺少賓語,故用which。

【典例2】We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2012年浙江卷)

A. whyB. when

C. to whomD. on which

解析:B。句意:我們生活在一個時代,更多信息可以比以往更輕易有效的時代。when引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作時間狀語,修飾先行詞an age(時代)。

考點六: that, who, whom, when, why的用法是高考設(shè)題的冷點

that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,用法頗多,平時教材及相關(guān)資料上講述也較多;who, whom主要用于修飾人,用法簡單; when在從句中作時間狀語;why在從句中作原因狀語。但這些知識點在高考設(shè)題上不是太多,why在選擇題上從未設(shè)過題。

【典例1】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2012年江蘇卷)

A. whichB. who

C. whereD. what

解析:B。句意:洪水后,那個地區(qū)受災(zāi)的人們,急需干凈的水、醫(yī)藥和生存的庇護(hù)所。指人的先行詞people在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

【典例2】The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.

A. theyB. where

C. whatD. that

解析:D。句意:這個老城鎮(zhèn)擁有建的彼此靠近的狹窄的街道和狹小的房屋。定語從句中缺少主語指物,因此用 that 。

考點七:定語從句設(shè)題的其他關(guān)注點

1.定語從句中有插入語,具有干擾項,這增加了做題的難度。

【典例】He made another wonderful discovery,of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it is

D. I think which is

解析:A。句意:他作出了又一次驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn),我認(rèn)為這是很重要的科學(xué)。句中I think是插入語,對做題有干擾。

2.分裂式定語從句,因把先行詞同從句隔開,具有迷惑性,容易選錯答案。

【典例1】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011年陜西卷)

A. whichB. where

C. whoD. that

解析:B。句意:我同朋友一起走到山頂,在那兒我們享受到了湖泊最美的風(fēng)景。先行詞是top,在此處指地點,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where。

【典例2】The days are gone we depended on the others.

A. whenB. that

C. whereD. which

解析:A。句意:我們依賴別人的日子一去不復(fù)返了。句中先行詞days在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)分隔式定語從句。

3.定語從句與名詞從句、狀語從句及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等在一起混合使用,增加了解題的難度。

【典例1】Word comes free books will be given to come first in this book fair.

A. which;no matter who

B. that;anyone who

C. which;whoever

D. that;those who

解析:D。句意:免費書籍發(fā)放給最先到達(dá)書市的那些人的消息傳來了。第一空填that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,表示word的內(nèi)容。第二空those是先行詞,后接who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

【典例2】―Where did you get to know your husband?

―It was on the farm we worked.

A. thatB. there

C. whichD. where

解析:D。句意:你在哪兒認(rèn)識了你的丈夫?那是在我們工作的農(nóng)場(我認(rèn)識了他)。where we worked作farm的定語,句末隨前省略了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的后半句that I got to know him。

4.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。

限制性定語從句刪去后,句子明顯不完整或很突兀,有時就像病句。非限制性定語從句對主句起到一個補充說明的作用,不起任何限制。非限制性定語從句最明顯的標(biāo)志就是有“,”與主句或先行詞隔開。非限制性定語從句是不能由that, why引導(dǎo)的。

【典例1】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2012年浙江卷)

A. whichB. who

C. whereD. whom

解析:B。句意:Ellen是一個以鳥類和大自然為主的畫家,出于某種原因,她已經(jīng)從所有的人類活動中退出。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞Ellen。which修飾先行詞是物的定語從句;whom修飾的先行詞為人,且在從句中作賓語;where修飾的先行詞是地點名詞,且在從句中作地點狀語,均不符合語境,故排除。

【典例2】 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.(2011年福建卷)

A. whichB. where

C. whatD. who

解析:A。句意:她擁有為她的學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一種允許他們互相自由交流氣氛的天賦。在先行詞atmosphere的定語從句中缺少主語,故用which引導(dǎo)。

鞏固提高

1. There is a periodI hated to meet anyone.

A. howB. which

C. whenD. where

2. My aunt bought me an MP4 player,pleased me a lot.

A. whereB. which

C. likeD. that

3. Peter failed to pass the examination again,made his parents very angry.

A. thatB. which

C. itD. who

4. He has six friends there,is a teacher.

A. all of them

B. all of whom

C. none of them

D. none of whom

5. Its the same storyI heard from my classmate just now.

A. while B. which

C. likeD. as

6. In my hometown there is a deep lake, depth has never been measured.

A. that B. whose

C. which D. where

7. It is disgraceful the wayhe treats his parents.

A. / B. which

C. whereD. how

8. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially trueit comes to classroom tests.

A. beforeB. since

C. whenD. after

9. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.

A. Which B. As

C. That D. It

10. The house is being repaired by the workerswe once lived.

A. whichB. where

C. that D. whom

11. I have never seen such a beautiful movieis directed by Zhang Yimou.

A. asB. that

C. which D. it

12. This morning I bought a new notebook, is a picture of an actress.

A. which cover

B. the cover of which

C. its cover

D. the cover of whose

13. There are some moving stories at the school,was near the center of the quake and lost most of its 70 teachers and 473 students.

A. whichB. where

C. thatD. when

14. None of her classmates were killed or injured during the disaster, because the buildingthey studied was among the newest on campus.

A. for whichB. to which

C. from whichD. in which

15. “I have no money, but I have blood.” This word is from a farmer,moved many of us.

A. whichB. that

C. whomD. whose

答案與解析

1.C。名詞period意為“一段時間,時期”,后接的定語從句中缺少時間狀語,故選when。

2.B。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which指代前面的句子。

3.B。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,it不能引導(dǎo)從句,who修飾的先行詞必須是人,故本題選B,which指代前面一句話。

4.D。因從句謂語用了is,其主語不能用all,排除A和B。如在C項前加and,則C對。

5.D。句意:這故事跟我剛才從我同學(xué)那兒聽到的相同。as引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中充當(dāng)heard的賓語。

6.B。名詞depth前缺少定語,故用whose,whose depth=the depth of the lake。其余的詞在定語從句中不可作定語。

7.A。way作先行詞時,如果從句中缺少狀語,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或in which,并且引導(dǎo)詞還可以省略。

8.C。when it comes to…是一個固定句型,意為“當(dāng)談到……時”。

9.B。as用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,指代主句的整個概念,位置可置于句首,句中或句末,而which引導(dǎo)的從句只置于句末。

10.B。本題考查的是分裂式定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是the house,而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語。

11.A。與such a beautiful movie 搭配應(yīng)是as。

12.B。the cover of which=whose cover。

13.A。 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which指代前面的the school。

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