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I take pleasure in recommending to you my friend Li Ming,who is now studying physics in California University in the U.S.
Li Ming was born on July 15,1974 in Beijing.He graduated from Xisi Primary School in 1986.From 1986 to 1992 he studied in No. 4 Middle School,where he got high scores in maths,physics and chemistry and was fond of literature and art.In 1992,he entered Beijing University,majoring in physics.He graduaged with high honours in 1996 and was admitted to California University for advanced studies.As result of his excellent work he has got his doctor's degree this year.He enjoys excellent health and is ready to work hard for the motherland.I should be most grateful if you favorably consider my recommendation.
Looking forward to receiving your early reply.
英文求職郵件范文1Dear leaders:
Hello!
I am a Foreign Language College, XX Normal XX-class English-speaking, a student, after four years of study and training, I will be completed in July next year, university studies, the real into the community to begin a new period of life on the road journey.
For more than three years, school leaders and teachers under the guidance of my efforts to learn professional knowledge, professional skills training, professional standards have improved each year, his sophomore year with good results when the English language through the four professional examinations and early next year to participate in professional examinations 8. Basic to the use of English for ease of listening, speaking, reading and writing, I engage in the linguistics, British and American English and American Literature and an overview of the knowledge structure of the adjustment at the same time, the expansion of the field of vision.
Know very well that the people of the 21st century teachers on a more rigorous challenge, and I study at home and abroad in the influential theory of education, with particular emphasis on the cultivation of practical abilities, in addition to the active participation of the Department, the hospital and school activities, I enthusiastically into social practice, by doing part-time tutor and teachers for the work to the theory applies to practice, and in accordance with the characteristics of the students to sum up and development of appropriate teaching methods, the initial accumulation of teaching experience, all I can this year education to play a long internship, internship completion of outstanding tasks, have obtained outstanding results.
Four years of college life taught me learned how to calm and fortitude, so that I can in life to find the coordinates of the location of their own and constantly self-repairing, but also a profound understanding of the people I need to do everything carefully, serious and pragmatic to face every step of life. Therefore, I sincerely hope to join you this excellent, full of vitality of the groups, in your guidance and help to work together in the road of life keep making progress!
I wish your school career success!
Sincerely
英文求職郵件范文2Dear sir or Madam,
I am writing to you in the hope of that I may obtain opportunity of teaching post in your school .Currently , I am a senior 3 student in Lanzhou City University ,my major is English.
According to the advertisement ,your position requires top university,Bachelor or above in Computer Science or equivalent field and proficient in Windows NT4.0 and LINUX System. I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements. I will be graduating from Graduate School of Tsinghua University this year with a M.S. degree . My studies have included courses in computer control and management and I designed a control simulation system developed with Microsoft Visual InterDev and SQL Server
In Lanzhou City University ,I have been working hard and doing well in the major courses .Not only I have I passed cet4,cet6, but more important ,I can communicate with others freely in English .I have good command of spoken and written English .At present, I work hard and try my best to pass the TEM4.Besides,I am skilled in computer useage ,such as CAD.
Teaching practice do enrich my working experience .During my teaching practice,I was always preparing my lesson plan carefully .I have combined theories into practice. Miss Liang Fang, my director teacher thought diyifanwen.com well of my enthusiasm, devotion, intelligence, and diligence .I was also popular with my students. My teaching practice which increase my responsibility to be a teacher ,meawhile I gain first step to my career.
The education gave me a wide range of vision and taught me how to cooperate with others.
The working experience offered me a good chance to improve my ability.
I do believe that with my solid education background and rich working experience ,I would be an excellent member of your school.
I would appreciate time in reviewing my enclosed resume. Thank you for your time and Your consideration. I am looking forward to you reply.
According to the advertisement ,your position requires top university,Bachelor or above in Computer Science or equivalent field and proficient in Windows NT4.0 and LINUX System. I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements. I will be graduating from Graduate School of Tsinghua University this year with a M.S. degree . My studies have included courses in computer control and management and I designed a control simulation system developed with Microsoft Visual InterDev and SQL Server.
During my education, I have grasped the principals of my major and skills of practice. Not only have I passed CET-6, but more important I can communicate with others freely in English. My ability to write and speak English is out of question.
I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please contact me.I would welcome an opportunity to meet with you for a personal interview.
英文求職郵件范文3Good morning/ Good afternoon
Everyone here.
My name is xxx. and my English name isJenny.I graduated from Feng yang university, and majored in TT.Though my major is not English, my level of English is fine. I have been an English teacher for about two years, my students love me very much.
I choose your school, because I want to give myself more developing field in my teaching career.
My hobbies are singdance,learn English .I hope you will give me this precious chance.
Thank you!
1、 good morning, my name is xx, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this primary school.
求職意向
工作性質(zhì):全職
期望崗位: 英語專業(yè)相關(guān)崗位
個人概況
姓 名: 史丹紅
性 別;女
出生年月:1985年2
政治面貌:團員
籍 貫:浙江寧波
畢業(yè)院校:浙江理工大學(xué)
專 業(yè):英 語
學(xué) 歷:本科
健康狀況:良好
E-mail:
郵編:315171
聯(lián)系方式:13777084282寧波
教育背景
2004 – 2008 浙江理工大學(xué)
2001 – 2004 浙江省寧波市鄞州區(qū)鄞江中學(xué)
1998 – 2001 浙江省寧波市鄞州區(qū)集士港鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)
主修課程:
高級英語
高級英語寫作
英譯漢
英美文學(xué)
口語
語言學(xué)
漢譯英
視聽說
精讀
口譯
聽力
法語
專業(yè)技能
受過全方位的大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)教育,受到良好的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練和能力的培養(yǎng),具有較強運用英語的能力。
外語水平
全國英語專業(yè)八級考試(TEM8) 全國英語專業(yè)四級考試(TEM4) 大外英語六級(CET6)
具有良好聽,說,讀,寫,譯的能力
法語:具備基本的法語知識,成績良好
計算機水平
浙江省高等計算機等級考試一級證書
能熟練運用office軟件 Word、Excel、PowerPoint等的各種功能進行高效的辦公室日常工作
社會實踐、工作經(jīng)歷及獲獎情況
9/2004—6/2005 擔(dān)任班級生活委員和寢室長職務(wù)
9/2005—6/2006 擔(dān)任寢室長職務(wù)
9/2005—6/2006 社會實踐(走訪6家公司)
9/2005—6/2006 獲學(xué)年社會活動積極分子
9/2007—11/2007 兼職筆譯(為建筑公司翻譯酒店,賓館等設(shè)施服務(wù)資料)
2/22/2008—2/24/2008 在上海光大會展中心作為寧波杰視光學(xué)儀器有限公司的翻譯人員和外國客戶洽談生意
1/4/2008—20/7/2008 寧波小星星車業(yè)有限公司外貿(mào)員,并多次在上海參展上與客戶英文洽談
28/7/2008—18/10/2008 寧波海欣進出口公司業(yè)務(wù)員,熟練制作各種報關(guān)單據(jù)。了解了各種貿(mào)易術(shù)語,熟悉外貿(mào)的整個流程
所獲證書
全國英語專業(yè)八級考試(TEM8)
全國英語專業(yè)四級考試(TEM4)
大學(xué)英語六級考試(CET6)
全國高等教育公共關(guān)系資格證書
浙江省高等計算機等級考試一級證書
浙江理工大學(xué)漢語言水平考試合格證書
興趣愛好
閱讀、看電影、聽音樂
自我評價
有毅力,工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),有責(zé)任心,有較強的團隊精神,善于處理與人相處共事,有良好的人際關(guān)系,樂觀向上、勇于迎接新挑戰(zhàn)。
Resume
Name:Shi Danhong
Gender:Female
Height:158cm
Weight:48kg
Birth date:February 2, 1985
Birthplace:Ningbo
Marital Status:Single
Address:Room 616, Building 3, Xiasha Campus, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
Tel:13777084282
E-mail:
Position Desired
To work as a coordinator in a foreign trade company
Work Experience
9/2005—6/2006 being a trainee in a foreign trade Corporation in Ningbo
9/2004—6/2005 Being a English tutor
Educational Background
2004-2008
Zhejiang Sci-tech university
Academic Main Courses
Advanced Listening; Advanced Writing
Integrated English; Translation;
Intermediate Interpretation: French
2000-2004
Yinjiang middle school in Ningbo
Scholarships and Awards
9/2005—6/2006 the rustler for the social activities
Language Skill:
Fluent English; Beginning French
Computer skills:
Skilled in using Microsoft software (Excel, PowerPoint and Word.)
Hobbies
Reading, watching movies, listening to music
Personality
Honest, responsibility, positive, easy-going, considerate
REFERENCES ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.
自薦信
尊敬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo):
您好!
感謝您在百忙之中審閱我的求職申請。
入校以來,我堅持刻苦學(xué)習(xí),通過四年的積累,擁有了作為一名英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的理論基礎(chǔ)知識和專業(yè)知識。在擔(dān)任班級干部期間,注重鍛煉自己的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和協(xié)調(diào)合作的能力,積極熱情地開展工作,在同學(xué)中享有一定的威望。
大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí),我以良好的成績通過了英語專業(yè)四,八級和全國大學(xué)英語六級考試,具備良好的聽,說,讀,譯的能力。同時,也通過計算機一級等級考試,熟練掌握windows及office辦公軟件操作。
在具備了英語專業(yè)技能之外,通過外貿(mào)課程的培訓(xùn)以及在外貿(mào)企業(yè)實習(xí)工作,我已較系統(tǒng)地熟悉和掌握了一些簡單的外貿(mào)流程,并掌握了英語商務(wù)信函的寫作。
同時,我也利用課余時間加強對自己實踐能力的培養(yǎng),積極參加各種社團活動,全方位充實自己。同時,長時間的學(xué)生工作也讓我具備了較強的學(xué)習(xí)與創(chuàng)新能力,拓寬了自己的文化視野,提高了自己的英語運用能力。
我深信我會一步一個腳印走得更好!倒空自己,才能承載更多的未知,再多的輝煌也只屬于曾經(jīng),面對將要進入一個全新的不同于學(xué)校的社會,我會學(xué)會調(diào)整自己,適應(yīng)這個新的環(huán)境,并用我的熱情投入到我所從事的事業(yè)中,做好自己,找到適合自己開拓的領(lǐng)域!最后,懇請貴公司給我一個機會來證明自己的能力。
祝貴公司事業(yè)蒸蒸日上,百尺竿頭更進一步!
此致
敬禮
史丹紅
3月26日
English recommendation
Dear Sir or Madam:
My name is Shi Danhong, coming from Ningbo of Zhejiang province. I have acquired English bachelor’s degree smoothly in Zhejiang Sci-tech university next year.
Please consider my application for a qualified job hunter .Being an English major, I’m longing for an opportunity to realize my personal value . You will note that I have acquired the professional knowledge of English and practical skills. Furthermore, I have won other prizes for my excellent performance.
Four-year hard-working and good education strengthens me and my social experiences cultivate my all-round ability, capable of communicating with high sense of responsibility. In my spare time, I widely read a large amount of books, not only substantiated myself, but also have trained my technical ability in many aspects. All these make me have a big understanding of nowadays development of English. I’m confident that employing me is a kind of investment for you.
If you think that the record of mine qualified me for a start in your company. Please call 13777084282. My references and I’m ready for your interview at any time.
Your early reply will be much appreciated.
Dear Sir,
In June of this year I shall receive my Masters of Science degree from New York University and I am naturally very much interested in securing a position. I believe I can qualify as a communications engineer.
For as long as I can remember your company has been a standard in the field of business machines and I have followed its developments with keen appreciation. I should like very much to have the privilege of working under the supervision of one of your men not only because I sincerely believe that I can serve you well, but also because it would give me a fine opportunity to grow as a physicist.
The course in physics I have taken as a graduate have a particular hearing on the development work of your firm. As a physics major I selected my courses with particular emphasis on those dealing with integrated circuits, and have had considerable laboratory work in these fields.
If you do not have any vacancies at present for which I might be considered, will you please file my application for future reference I shall be pleased to supply any additional information you may wish and come to your office for a personal interview at any time that is convenient.
Sincerely yours,
中文版
敬啟者:
我將於今年畢業(yè)紐約大學(xué)研究所。獲得理學(xué)碩士后,希望立刻就業(yè),自信能擔(dān)任通信工程師工作,得知貴單位現(xiàn)正招聘,特擬此自薦信自薦。
就我所t解,貴公司橐槐駛械商業(yè),對貴公司之發(fā)展,本人至楦信濉N蟻M閣下能賜與楣蠊司服務(wù)機會,自信能把工作做好,這也許是將使我成橐晃錮硌Ъ抑大好機會。
Name: Yan classmates Sex: Male Graduate institutions: the political landscape of Harbin University of Science and Technology: members
Highest level of education: undergraduate repair by a professional: Communication Engineering
Personnel types: ordinary job graduation date: 2008.7
Job intentions
Job type: Full-time
Position: Software (C C + +) communication
Hope Location:
Wish to pay: Negotiable
Self-evaluation
I am bold but cautious Haofang hard open research
Educational background
2004/9--2008/7 Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology degree
A solid foundation for the theory of communication such as communication theory, mobile communication, various communication technologies.
Related to electronic technology have full power, power mode, high-frequency and so on.
Have TCP IP, data structures, database systems, microcontroller, assembly language, such as Microcomputer Principle.
Practice experience
The world's electronics sector, a 500 (2008.8 - 2009.7)
Company nature: Taiwan-funded enterprises sectors: electronics manufacturing category
To hold office: AOI Test Engineer
Job Description: SAKI AOI machines have the depth of the use of 3 times during the work to effectively improve
familiar with the basic electronic manufacturing processes, to understand all aspects of SMT process
be able to carry out effective maintenance of the machine, correction (light gray), debug programs written in
standard library to write programs that directly apply similar components, time-saving labor-saving, convenient and quick
According to real-time feedback to optimize the program to improve the detection rate
summary of test data, discuss improvements, with the production, increase productivity
the use of SAP finishing BOM, so CAD file
the provision of vocational training from time to time
Received awards
Miyoshi many students the school was awarded a scholarship School of outstanding members (with transcripts, certificates, award certificate)
Language ability
English level 4
Standard Mandarin
Computer capacity
Three national databases
關(guān)鍵詞:新型建材;營銷;STP;經(jīng)銷商
一、新型建材行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀
“新型建筑材料”,簡稱新型建材,與傳統(tǒng)建材--磚瓦、灰砂石等不用,傳統(tǒng)建材多具有耗損大,不環(huán)保,適應(yīng)性差等問題,而新型建材則以新工藝結(jié)合新成分作為建筑材料,具有了更好的適應(yīng)性,更環(huán)保,使用壽命更長。當(dāng)下建材業(yè)將新型建筑材料主要概括為四類:新型墻體材料、新型防水密封材料、新型保溫隔熱材料和裝飾裝修材料。
隨著城鎮(zhèn)化的加速,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)繁榮,我國新型建材工業(yè)也得到了巨大的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)在全國范圍內(nèi)形成了一個新興的行業(yè),成為建材工業(yè)中重要產(chǎn)品門類和新的經(jīng)濟增長點。新型建材價格獲取方式為:書刊、電話、“造價通”工程造價網(wǎng)等渠道,新型建材由于其高性價而大受歡迎。新型建材是在傳統(tǒng)建材基礎(chǔ)上的優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品,時下市面常見的新型建材有:輕質(zhì)干掛式外墻保溫裝飾掛板、BY灌漿料、彩鋼板的替代產(chǎn)品、液體壁紙、天然無水粉刷石膏、金屬雕花板等。
二、新型建材常見營銷模式分析
1.新型建材一般營銷模式
新型建材的營銷主要有兩種模式一種是直接銷售模式,一種是區(qū)域經(jīng)銷商制。直接銷售模式顧名思義,就是通過各地的直屬分銷公司來完成銷售,直接從廠家消費者手中。這種直銷模式有利于商家直接和消費者建立溝通,能夠獲得一手反饋。而區(qū)域經(jīng)銷商制與直銷模式不同,它的客戶由直接消費者、銷售代表演變?yōu)榻?jīng)銷商。企業(yè)與經(jīng)銷商通過經(jīng)銷協(xié)議明確各自權(quán)利義務(wù),經(jīng)銷商按照資金實力,還款能力,信用等分為不同級別,按照各自的級別分管不同的區(qū)域和產(chǎn)品銷售,而且企業(yè)也會給經(jīng)銷商做培訓(xùn),展銷等支持,以實現(xiàn)合作共贏的局面。
2.一般營銷模式存在的問題
其實不論直銷還是經(jīng)銷都存在著不足,如片面追求利潤、經(jīng)銷商團隊建設(shè)問題,STP設(shè)計不合理,新產(chǎn)品定價等都是企業(yè)營銷過程中的多發(fā)問題。其中,最為常見的營銷問題有以下幾類:(1)企業(yè)跟風(fēng)進行銷售,沒有完善的營銷策略;(2)企業(yè)長期追求銷售額,忽視了市場的開發(fā)和維護;(3)對于新產(chǎn)品的推出盲目樂觀;(4)STP(Segmenting、Targeting、Positioning)戰(zhàn)略不夠?qū)I(yè),企業(yè)治理分工不明確;(5)營銷渠道單一,不注重品牌價值的建設(shè);(6)新產(chǎn)品定價不科學(xué),很多企業(yè)對于新產(chǎn)品的定價隨機性較強,并沒有深入考慮企業(yè)定位,價格影響因素,市場需求等問題,導(dǎo)致很多產(chǎn)品雖然實用但銷售不好。
三、關(guān)于優(yōu)化新建材營銷的建議
1.加強經(jīng)銷商團隊建設(shè)
經(jīng)銷商對于企業(yè)銷售利潤有著重要的意義,尤其是A級的經(jīng)銷商更是直接代表了企業(yè)的形象。新建材企業(yè)要想在更新迅速的新建材市場上占據(jù)一席之地就一定要有長遠的發(fā)展眼光,不能跟風(fēng)經(jīng)銷,一味模仿只能被淘汰。筆者以為在銷售環(huán)節(jié),一定要加強經(jīng)銷商團隊建設(shè),經(jīng)銷商是銷售的主力,只要不斷的給經(jīng)銷商培訓(xùn),為經(jīng)銷商提供各種便利,不斷宣傳自己的產(chǎn)品,才能實現(xiàn)最大化的銷售,而且還要讓經(jīng)銷商有利可圖,適當(dāng)給予部分紅利會讓經(jīng)銷商有榮辱與共的感覺,只有這樣才使經(jīng)銷商傾盡全力去銷售自己的產(chǎn)品。
2.充分調(diào)研市場,穩(wěn)推新產(chǎn)品
新建材市場是一個更新較快的市場,雖然不能像電子產(chǎn)品一樣日新月異,但也產(chǎn)品的更換率也是頗高的。每個新建材企業(yè)都有著自己的研發(fā)團隊,面臨快速更迭的新建材產(chǎn)品,一有新產(chǎn)品就盲目推向市場是新建材企業(yè)的通病,這中盲推的目的無非就是為了打開市場以新產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)越性向市場掘金。但新產(chǎn)品的回報率是以消費者需要,替代品品種類,產(chǎn)品性能與更換周期多重因素決定的。企業(yè)要想使自己的新產(chǎn)品獲得較高的收益率,就必須進行充分的市場調(diào)研并把握時機。 如:當(dāng)某地市場新產(chǎn)品的替代品較多時就要考慮異地投放的可能性,或者新產(chǎn)品的性能優(yōu)越而當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展遲緩時可以考慮異地或延期投放,又或者新產(chǎn)品的替代品使用周期快結(jié)束時,應(yīng)當(dāng)抓住時機立刻投放市場,一舉占有此部分市場份額,又或者新產(chǎn)品推出后有類似產(chǎn)品時就要考慮價格戰(zhàn)等。
3.完善STP營銷戰(zhàn)略
STP營銷是現(xiàn)代市場營銷戰(zhàn)略的核心,其主要分為三個部分,第一步,市場細(xì)分;第二步,確定目標(biāo)市場;第三步,定位。在市場細(xì)分階段,新建材企業(yè)必須根據(jù)消費者對于產(chǎn)品和營銷組合的需要將市場進行細(xì)致劃分,明確新建材市場各個消費群體的消費習(xí)慣和取向。在完成市場細(xì)分之后就是確定目標(biāo)的環(huán)節(jié),在這一環(huán)節(jié),所有的消費者都有可能成為企業(yè)的目標(biāo)客戶,只是近期和遠期的問題,企業(yè)要明確劃分出哪些消費者是自己近期客戶,哪些是遠期客戶,哪些是自己固定產(chǎn)品的客戶,哪些是新產(chǎn)品的潛在客戶,只有明確自己的客戶層次和需求時間,才能投其所好。最后,企業(yè)定位,新建材市場更新快,準(zhǔn)確而深刻的企業(yè)定位有利于提高企業(yè)聲譽和品牌價值。筆者以為企業(yè)定位應(yīng)該分為兩塊,一個是整體企業(yè)定位,這個是面對全社會和所有消費者的整體印象;一個是對不同產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域的定位,只有將兩者結(jié)合起來才能夠使消費者對企業(yè)產(chǎn)生深淵持久的印象。
參考文獻:
[1]程紹珊.營銷模式[M].北京:中國檔案出版社,2007.
[2]王憲良.發(fā)展混凝土小型空心砌塊建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會[J].湖北廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報,2008.
求職英文版簡歷范文(三)Basic information
Name:
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: 1988.6.7 Nationality: Han
Account where: Shandong Zibo xx current: Dalian
Graduate institutions: Liaoning Normal University, the political face of Television Arts: members
Highest level of education: undergraduate repair by a professional: Art and Design (computer animation)
Personnel types: ordinary job graduation date: 2009.6.26
Job intentions
Job type: Full-time
Position: Designer
Wish to pay: Negotiable
Education and training experience
From September 2005 to June 2009, Liaoning Normal University of Art and Design (computer animation) undergraduate
Language Proficiency
English familiar with the level: 4
Putonghua proficiency
Computer capacity
Proficiency in the use "OFFICE" and other office software
familiar with computer hardware and software, the maintenance of a certain experience
master PHOTOSHOP \ AE \ PREMIERE \ EDUS \ MAYA \ software
Practical experience
From September 2008 to November 2008 in Liaoning Normal University College of the Arts is responsible for film and television room maintenance
February 2009 to April 2009 in Zibo xx practice is responsible for television post-production editing
Received awards
State 2008 first-class scholarship scholarships Endeavourers
Self-evaluation
Tradition of hard work, diligent, serious and responsible work, and at the same time live together in peace.
Work carefully, and be good at problem-solving problems, able to withstand greater pressure.
抓拍目標(biāo)
所謂抓拍,就是在不干涉被攝對象和事件進程的基礎(chǔ)上有選擇地拍攝,即舍棄沒有傳播價值的畫面,把有傳播價值的動態(tài)情景搶拍下來。在這種情況下,攝影人就要明確哪些照片有新聞價值,值得拍。綜觀報刊發(fā)表的被讀者叫好的新聞?wù)掌托侣剶z影比賽獲獎作品,下列情景應(yīng)該成為新聞攝影者抓拍的目標(biāo):
瞬間。所謂瞬間,指在整個事物發(fā)展過程中情緒和視覺強度都到頂點的瞬間,這種瞬間往往能夠反映事物的形象特征,能夠揭示事物的本質(zhì),反映事物的特征,該瞬間能夠代表整個事件說明問題。強調(diào)視覺強度是為畫面的視覺沖擊力奠定基礎(chǔ)——新聞?wù)掌囊曈X沖擊來自形象的先天強勢和后天的技術(shù)保障。先天強勢是指拍攝對象的動勢劇烈、姿態(tài)生動、情感飽滿,在這種視覺狀態(tài)下恰當(dāng)利用景別就能獲得足以刺激讀者感官的畫面。揭示事物的本質(zhì)則是要求攝影記者不要停留在事物的表面現(xiàn)象,而應(yīng)透過表象洞察本質(zhì)所在。新聞攝影只有揭示事物的思想本質(zhì),才可確保其報道的真實性,確保新聞?wù)掌乃枷肷疃?。例如圖1《最后獲勝的蓋爾》就是利用整個事態(tài)發(fā)展的,即運動員獲勝跳躍而起的瞬間形象來概括事件本質(zhì),這一瞬間情感充沛又具思想深度,因而成為佳作。
其他環(huán)節(jié)上的動人瞬間。其他環(huán)節(jié)上的動人瞬間是瞬間以外的瞬間。并非所有照片都要定格瞬間,有些新聞事物雖然沒有呈現(xiàn)態(tài)勢,但仍舊可以概括事件本質(zhì)。這類照片可從一個側(cè)面報道新聞事物,說明一個觀點。在專題中該類照片必不可少,因為事物所謂的決定性瞬間只有一個,要講述一個情節(jié)多變有血有肉的圖片故事不能缺少不同時段、不同發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)的情節(jié)。無論用于“單幅”還是用于“組照”,“動人”是先決條件。例如圖2《和平大游行》并未直擊大游行的瞬間,而是記錄他們夜間休息只能睡在簡易的帳篷里,從一個側(cè)面反映了游行的艱辛,同樣也能說明問題。
抓拍的難度
走近新聞現(xiàn)場,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)變化的新聞場景涌動紛繁,要獲得一個形象精練而又相對完整的動人畫面是有一定難度的。
難度一:司空見慣的瞬間居多。許多熱鬧刺激的事物不易拍出新意,例如暑期雙休日的海灘,沙灘和大海里的消夏者居多,當(dāng)舉起相機取景構(gòu)圖時你會發(fā)現(xiàn)進入鏡頭的畫面總是似曾相識,沒有按快門的沖動;有些具有民間特色的藝術(shù)節(jié)聲勢浩大,各類表演目不暇接,置身現(xiàn)場令人熱血沸騰,當(dāng)用鏡頭冷靜取舍時你會感到許多構(gòu)成是多次見到的畫面情景;有些事情有新聞性,進入鏡頭里的視覺感受卻沒有新意;有時一個決定性瞬間閃現(xiàn)出來,拍成畫面在構(gòu)成形式上還是老一套。
難度二:新穎動人的瞬間是個未知數(shù)。新聞?wù)掌仨毦哂行迈r感,這種新鮮應(yīng)在視覺和意境兩個環(huán)節(jié)體現(xiàn)出來。然而,有些美的事物未必新鮮,用超廣角鏡頭囊括一個陣容強大的場面未必動人。新穎的畫面情景通常需要當(dāng)事人之間的行為方式和畫面形式結(jié)構(gòu)同時出新,而這對攝影人來說幾率極低。有時當(dāng)事人做事的表現(xiàn)方式獨特,可拍成畫面依然老套;有時畫面視角新,但畫面的形象內(nèi)容沒有突破。
難度三:主次合璧具有偶然性。有時一個視覺嶄新的情景閃現(xiàn)出來,主體人物的神情頗佳,而其姿態(tài)不在寫意狀態(tài)上,無法形成生動的畫面格局;有時主體人物神態(tài)與姿態(tài)都在寫意狀態(tài)上,旁邊的陪體不在需要的狀態(tài)上;有時主次關(guān)系都很協(xié)調(diào),背景不給力。事物湊到一塊兒配合不得當(dāng)是常有的事,一幅成熟的新聞?wù)掌瑧?yīng)是珠聯(lián)璧合的產(chǎn)物。
難度四:時空制約。新聞每天都在發(fā)生,問題的關(guān)鍵是新事物出現(xiàn)時攝影人必須在現(xiàn)場。在現(xiàn)場這句話說起來輕松,做起來不容易,因為攝影人面臨著時間與空間制約。從新聞事物發(fā)生的不確定性上講,攝影人與新聞事物相遇就是一種機遇。攝影記者擁有新聞現(xiàn)場不等于擁有新聞?wù)掌?,因為新聞?wù)掌彩翘囟〞r間特定空間的結(jié)合物,攝影人要獲得這樣一個視覺空間必須感悟到它的存在,并通過技術(shù)操作成功捕獲。
難度五:觀念制約。觀念是先導(dǎo),沒有獨特的文化觀念對事物就沒有獨特的解讀方式,也就沒有別開生面的新聞攝影作品。觀念決定攝影作者的視野大小,決定其洞察能力。攝影觀念老化,無力認(rèn)識新生事物,當(dāng)陌生而充滿精神蘊含的情景出現(xiàn)時會視而不見。
抓拍的方法
方法一:“新”字當(dāng)頭。攝影記者在拍攝新聞?wù)掌瑫r,應(yīng)意識到新聞?wù)掌怀觥靶隆弊?,其拍攝不是一般的現(xiàn)場記錄,僅僅停留在見證層面,也不是拍攝藝術(shù)照,用美丑作為畫面構(gòu)成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?!靶隆笔且环N理念,是抽象的,對于眼前的狀態(tài)是不是新聞情景,能否拍成新聞?wù)掌?,可以從多種感覺上去衡量:
陌生感——如果自己沒見過,別人也不多見,其中必含新意。
反?!挛镉型怀鲎兓亲儎有孕侣?。
奇異——從來沒見過,或者與同類事物迥然不同,是真正的新聞情景。
獨特——與眾不同,充滿個性,可以拍出棱角分明的新聞?wù)掌?/p>
另類——有別于常見的類型,另類形成中有形象、有精神、有故事,值得關(guān)注。
刺激——有“新鮮”成分,視覺和精神強烈,可以下功夫,注視事態(tài)變化,能否拍成新聞?wù)掌窗聪驴扉T的瞬間是否清新,是否有新的畫面構(gòu)成,是否有視覺沖擊。
一、通過課文的插圖展開會話,進行練筆
小學(xué)英語教材具有形式豐富的內(nèi)容,特別是有豐富多彩的插圖。曾天山教授有言:“教材插圖能夠有效促進學(xué)生對教學(xué)內(nèi)容的進一步理解。”對于教材中豐富的插圖資源,教師可以充分而又靈活的利用,使插圖的內(nèi)涵得到充分挖掘。現(xiàn)實教學(xué)中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)學(xué)生往往會圖所吸引,這是因為相比較文字,教材中插圖更加生動有趣,學(xué)生對此具有較高的興趣。教師應(yīng)充分利用這一特征對學(xué)生進行引導(dǎo),使學(xué)生通過插圖加深對課文內(nèi)容的理解。當(dāng)學(xué)生基本了解插圖的內(nèi)容后,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生采用自己的語言通過書面的形式進行表達。例如,在教學(xué)《牛津小學(xué)英語》(譯林版)《What is your father?》一課時,教師可通過多媒體向?qū)W生呈現(xiàn)各種生動有趣的圖片,圖片上展示出各種各樣的職業(yè),例如doctor(醫(yī)生),worker(工人),cooker(廚師),teacher(教師),singer(歌手),dancer(舞者)等職業(yè),對學(xué)生進行提問:“What is your father(你爸爸的職業(yè)是什么)?”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答:“My father is a/an...(我爸爸是一名……)”然后要求學(xué)生對所學(xué)的章節(jié)進行翻閱,向?qū)W生提出問題:“What is the man(這個男生是什么職業(yè))?What is the woman(這個女生是什么職業(yè))?”在學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確回答的基礎(chǔ)上,教師通過圖片進行教學(xué)的延伸,要求學(xué)生說出圖片所包含的內(nèi)容,例如頭發(fā)的顏色、高矮比較等,使學(xué)生充分掌握新學(xué)內(nèi)容,又實現(xiàn)了對學(xué)過知識的鞏固。
二、充分利用課文中的精彩部分展開模仿練筆
英語教材都是教研工作者精心研究的成果,具有較高的質(zhì)量與水平。在實際教學(xué)過程中,教師應(yīng)充分明確教材文本的特征,要求學(xué)生對教材文本進行模擬寫作,使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上能夠掌握課文中涉及的單詞、語法以及句型等,并且使學(xué)生能夠逐漸養(yǎng)成自己的寫作方法,使自身的寫作水平得到有效提升。教師在對學(xué)生進行仿寫指導(dǎo)的過程中,應(yīng)注意仿寫內(nèi)容的選取,應(yīng)選擇精彩的文段供學(xué)生參考,使學(xué)生通過仿寫提升自身寫作的水平。例如,在進行《牛津小學(xué)英語》(譯林版)《A Letter to A Pen Friend》的教學(xué)時,教材的內(nèi)容可較好地對學(xué)生英文信件的寫作進行教學(xué),可以該單元為例,進行英文信件的寫作教學(xué)。教師應(yīng)努力為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造和外國朋友通信的機會,鼓勵并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合自身所學(xué)和外國朋友進行交流,實現(xiàn)學(xué)生語言綜合能力的培養(yǎng)。第一,以課文為基礎(chǔ),教會學(xué)生英文信件的常用單詞、句型以及信件的格式,例如letter(信件),how are you(你好嗎),receive(收到),postcard(明信片),thanks(謝謝),dear(親愛的,信開頭表親昵或尊敬),telephone number(電話號碼)等。第二,要求學(xué)生嘗試結(jié)合常用詞匯構(gòu)造句子,或者要求學(xué)生進行課文句型的仿照,例如“Thank you so much(非常感謝)!”“How is the time going(最近還好嗎)?”“Where are you...(你在哪里)”第三,要求學(xué)生對全文進行整體概括,歸納與總結(jié)全文的內(nèi)容。如此一來,學(xué)生不僅可以對英文信件進行仿寫,而且可使自身思考能力及創(chuàng)造能力得到提高,實現(xiàn)預(yù)期的教學(xué)效果。
三、通過課文的對話內(nèi)容展開復(fù)述練筆
要想使學(xué)生更好地掌握英語寫作的方法,教師必須為其提供正確的指導(dǎo),同時學(xué)生也需要進行大量的練習(xí),而復(fù)述練筆就是一種可以采納的方法。在教學(xué)過程中,教師可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進行范文或者對話的閱讀,之后,再進行范文內(nèi)容或者對話內(nèi)容的具體講解,在學(xué)生對范文或者對話的內(nèi)容充分了解的情況下,要求學(xué)生復(fù)述剛才所學(xué)范文或者對話的大致內(nèi)容,也就是要求學(xué)生用自己的語言進行文本內(nèi)容的表達。憑借這樣的訓(xùn)練,可以使學(xué)生的句型記憶能力和語言組織能力得到顯著增強。在進行范文或者對話的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,教師應(yīng)將文本中的重點勾畫出來,包括重要的句型及詞匯等,再為學(xué)生提供合理的提示,或是句子,或是單詞,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提示展開文本內(nèi)容的復(fù)述,使學(xué)生的寫作水平得到提高。例如,進行《牛津小學(xué)英語》(譯林版)Dinner time的教學(xué)時,教師先要求學(xué)生全篇閱讀課文,然后向?qū)W生提出一系列問題,例如:“What are you like eating in dinner(你晚餐喜歡吃什么)?What is your favorite food(你最喜歡吃什么)?”然后再給出學(xué)習(xí)的重點詞組或者句型,例如:Have some bread(吃面包),rice(米飯),nice(好的,表贊美),bread(面包)等,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)教師的提示進行思考,嘗試復(fù)述范文或者課文中的對話內(nèi)容。通過長期的訓(xùn)練,不但可以使學(xué)生的口頭語言表達能力得到提升,還可以提高寫作能力。